Diuretics - class of drugs that increase the volume of urine (diuresis) by promoting the excretion of salts (especially sodium and potassium) and water via the kidneys.
Diuretics are used to reduce the oedema due to salt and water retention in disorders of the kidneys, heart, or liver. They are also used, alone or in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of high blood pressure.
The use of diuretics can result in potassium deficiency; this is corrected by the simultaneous administration of a potassium supplement or by adding another diuretic with a potassium-sparing effect, such as amiloride or triamterene.
(Potassium is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles; low concentrations of potassium cause weakness, confusion, and in severe cases abnormal heart rhythms.) The main classes of diuretics are the loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics.
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